BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN RADIO. Editor (with Cary O'Dell). New York: Routledge, 2011. 452 pp.

Also drawn from the Encyclopedia of Radio, this volume updates existing entries and adds nearly two dozen totally new ones.

CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN RADIO. Editor (with Cary O'Dell). New York: Routledge, 2010, 950 pp.

This is an updated version of the major U.S. entries from the earlier Encyclopedia of Radio (see below), including some new entries. Coverage ranges over all aspects of radio, past and present, including programs, networks and stations, advertising, policy, and economics.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JOURNALISM. General editor. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference, 2009. Six volumes, 2400 pp. (available electronically)

This reference work, includes four volumes with more than 360 entries on journalism here and abroad, a volume of documents (edited by Glenn Lewis of CUNY), and another of appendices including details on press freedom in countries around the world over the past two decades, and an extensive annotated bibliography. More than 200 people contributed, with the advice of 20 journalism authorities.

To hear an extended interview about the development of this set of books--with many sound clips--check out This Just In! at http://www.globalmedia.gwu.edu/2009/this_just_in/P21/full.html

This reference set won an Honorable Mention (one of only two) in the prestigious 2010 Dartmouth Medal competition--the top honor given for reference works.

This is the first overall history FM radio from its experimental beginnings in the 1930s to the dominant radio medium of the early 21st century. Its eight chapters trace the difficult early years of American FM radio from the pioneering work done by Edwin Howard Armstrong to the initial euphoria about the new radio system, to the difficult decline of the 1950s when it appeared FM might disappear entirely in a world awash with television and plenty of AM radio service. Then the story changes for the better---starting in the late 1950s, FM begins a dramatic turnaround to become the fastest-growing segment of the broadcasting businss. The study is based substantially on primary and contemporary materials. A concluding chapter places FM in the context of various theories of innovation and technical development. The book includes tables, diagrams, maps, notes, a bibliography and index.

Reviewed, among other places, in the March 2009 Atlantic Monthly.

MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS: FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE 21ST CENTURY. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008, 600 pp.

Editor (and author of about half) of this one-volume, 322-entry survey of communications technology applied to tactical and strategic military (air, ground, and sea) uses over two millenia of history. This is one of the few sources exploring a topic of widespread importance and constant change.

RISE OF AMERICAN RADIO: AN HISTORICAL ANTHOLOGY. London: Routledge, 2007, six volumes, 2,400 pp.

Editor of this collection of facsimile-reprint articles, book chapters, documents and other material on the development of American broadcasting to 1945, arranged in volumes on technology before and after 1920; the radio industry and advertising; programming; audience and research; and policy development. Each volume has an individual introduction and annotated bibliography.

SHAPING AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: A HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, POLICY, AND ECONOMICS (with Phyllis Bernt and Martin Weiss). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006, 419 pp.

This history melds the story of invention and innovation here and abroad with developing services and systems (fropm the mid-19th century telegraph to digital options today), business decisions and economics, and evolving government policy.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO. New York: Fitzroy-Dearborn/Taylor & Clark, 2004, three volumes.

General Editor of this 1,650-page collection of nearly 700 entries by nearly 250 different authors. It covers all aspects of the medium's development in the U.S. and overseas. Sponsored by the Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago, it won a 2004 ALA "RUSA" award as a top reference book.

For a partial update, see Concise Encyclopedia of American Radio, above.

HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (with George Shiers). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2000, 333 pp.

Some 2,500 annotated entries are arranged in topical chapters on such things as inventors, companies, telegraph, telephone, radio, and television.

FOCAL GUIDE TO ELECTRONIC MEDIA. Newton, MA: Focal Press, 1998. General Editor

This CD-ROM incorporates the work of some 100 authorities, with extensive use of graphics, audio and video clips, to illustrated all aspects of producing and creating electronic communication, including both basic technology and studio applications.

MASS COMMUNICATION RESEARCH RESOURCES: AN ANNOTATED GUIDE (edited with James K. Bracken and Susan M. Hill). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998, 208 pp.

A pre-Internet guide to the extensive printed literature on print, film, and electronic media, including history, industries, content, audiences, regulation---and many periodicals past and present.

ELECTRONIC MEDIA: A BRIEF SURVEY OF BROADCASTING AND CABLE IN THE UNITED STATES. Washington: International Center for Journalists, 1996, 40 pp.

Now dated by its lack of any reference to digital services and the Web, this background paper published in Russian language was issued on behalf of the former USIA.

TELECOMMUNICATION RESEARCH RESOURCES: AN ANNOTATED GUIDE (with James K. Bracken). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995. 173 pp.

Extensive review of the printed literature of the telegraph, telephone, and more modern means of electronic telecommunications, including their history, economics, operation, and policy.

BROADCASTING IN AMERICA: A SURVEY OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA: Brief Edition (with Sydney Head and Lemuel B. Schofield). Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991; 1996 [2nd ed.]. 432 pp.

BROADCASTING IN AMERICA: A SURVEY OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994, 675 pp. (7th ed, senior co-author).

I joined this book (originally created by Sydney W. Head in 1956) as author of its bibliography with its 3rd ed. in 1976, becoming a collaborator with 4th edition in 1982, and co-author for 5th [1987], 6th [1990] , 7th [1994], and 8th [1998] editions.). There have been later rather brief editions since (with which I've not been involved).

STAY TUNED: A HISTORY OF AMERICAN BROADCASTING (with John M. Kittross). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1978, 1990 [2nd ed.], 710 pp.; Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002 [3rd ed.], 965 pp.

This is a standard history of the subject, arranged such that it can be read as written--chronologically---or along major subject lines, such as technology, networks and stations, programming, audiences, and policy issues.

DECISION TO DIVEST: THE FIRST REVIEW (1985 to 1987) (co-edited with Jill F. Kasle). Washington: Broadcasting Publications, 1988, 740 pp.

This volume continues the series immediately below.

DECISION TO DIVEST: MAJOR DOCUMENTS IN U.S. V. AT&T, 1974 to 1984 (senior editor of three). Washington: Communications Press, 1986, three vols of 2,000 pp.

These four large volumes provide an edited and abridged anthology of the key documents in the landmark 1974-84 effort to break up the one-time unified Bell System, as well as how and why that took place. Many of the materials included here are now almost impossible to find elsewhere.

ELECTRONIC MEDIA: A GUIDE TO TRENDS IN BROADCASTING AND NEWER TECHNOLOGIES, 1920-1983. New York: Praeger, 1984. 337 pp.

This is an historical statistical abstract of the rise and development of American radio, television, and closely related fields. The more than 100 tables include extensive discussion of their content and reliability.

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION POLICY. Washington: Communications Press, 1984. 496 pp. (editor)

Proceedings of a conference held in Washington, DC the year before.

WHO OWNS THE MEDIA? CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP IN THE MASS COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY (with three co-authors). White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1978, 1982 (2nd ed).

I authored the chapters on broadcasting and on cable and pay television, pp. 299-450. They remain useful for historical background---for an update, see the third edition by Compaine and Gomery (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000), for which I provided a foreward.

THE MASS MEDIA: ASPEN INSTITUTE GUIDE TO COMMUNICATION INDUSTRY TRENDS (senior author with Timothy Haight). New York: Praeger, 1978. 512 pp.

A pioneering attempt to pull together statistics from all American media, print, film, recorded, and electronic, with hundreds of historical tables providing statistics dating back into the 19th century. Extensive discussion of the validity and reliability of the data is also provided.

MASS NEWS: PRACTICES, CONTROVERSIES, ALTERNATIVES (co-edited with David J. LeRoy). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973. 334 pp.

LeRoy and I were grad students together at the University of Wisconsin in the late 1960s---this was our first book, an anthology of reprinted and some original articles on all aspects of the news business---as it then was.

COMMUNICATION BOOKNOTES QUARTERLY. New York: Taylor & Francis, 1998-present (Quarterly). Editor of this review service with some 20 topical contributors carrying more than 600 reviews annually; I write probably half of them. Continues (with Vol. 29) and expands BOOKNOTES (see below).

INFO: THE JOURNAL OF POLICY, REGULATION AND STRATEGY FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION AND MEDIA. London: Emerald, 1999-present (Bi-monthly). Reviews Editor, 1999-2003; member editorial board, 2004-present.

THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERIES. New York: Routledge, 1992-present. General Editor of an open-ended series of texts, research monographs, and original anthologies (now a dozen in print).

COMMUNICATION BOOKNOTES. 1969 to 1997 (Monthly; bimonthly after 1986). Founder and editor/publisher since of a monthly book and document reporting service issued under various titles (Vols 1-28).

TELECOMMUNICATIONS UPDATE. 1985-90 (Bi-weekly); 1991-92 (Monthly). Editor of this eight-page newsletter for USIA, sent to 6,000 overseas addresses.

JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING. 1955-date (Quarterly). Editor (1972 to 1976); Book Review Editor (1970 to 1972); editorial consultant (1976 to 1985); member of publication committee (1975 to 1989); Chair of publications committee (1994 to 2000).

Journal Editorial Boards: I serve on the boards and regularly review manuscripts for several scholarly journals (and have served on several others in the past):

IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING (quarterly)

INFO: THE JOURNAL OF POLICY, REGULATION AND STRATEGY FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION, AND MEDIA (bi-montly)

JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA (quarterly)

JOURNAL OF RADIO STUDIES (biennial)

JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS QUARTERLY (quarterly)


ARNO PRESS REPRINT BOOK SERIES ON BROADCASTING/TELECOMMUNICATIONS: I made the final selection forn five separate series of reprinted books–a total of 140 volumes issued between 1971 and 1980, primarily for the library market. (Arno sold rights to these materials to Ayer Press in 1982, which retains some titles in print in the early 2000s.)

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“Churchill and the “Green Hornet”: A Technology Footnote,” FINEST HOUR, in press. (Discusses communications security, especially the secret AT&T-developed “Sigsaly” system, among Allied leaders during World War II.

"Slow Fade: Seeking Radio's Future," invited chapter for Michael C.Keith, ed. RADIO CULTURES (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), pp. 321-329.

"United States: Continuity and Change," invited chapter for David Ward, ed. TELEVISION AND PUBLIC POLICY: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN AN ERA OF GLOBAL LIBERALIZATION (New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates/Routledge, 2007), pp. 45-59.

"Breaking Chains: NBC and the FCC Network Inquiry, 1938-43," invited chapter for Michele Hilmes, ed. NBC: AMERICA'S NETWORK Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007, pp. 85-97.

"Sydney W. Head (1913-1991): Founder of Modern Broadcasting Studies," JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA (compiler/editor of this festschrift with nine contributors); 50:557-566 (September 2006).

"Fessenden's Christmas Eve Broadcast: Reconsidering an Historic Event," (with Donna L. Halper), THE ANTIQUE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION REVIEW, 19:119-139 (2006,), peer-reviewed.

"Television Historian: An Appreciation of George Shiers (1908-83)," THE ANTIQUE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION REVIEW, 19:61-72 (2006).

"Transformation: The 1996 Act Reshapes Radio," invited article for FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL, 58:593-602 (June 2006).

"Pioneering Risks: Lessons from the U.S. Teletext/Videotex Failure," IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING, 28:3:41-47 (July-September 2006), peer-reviewed.

"Face Off: Churchill and the BBC,"FINEST HOUR, 128:9-12 (Fall 2005).

"Erik Barnouw (1908-2001)–Broadcasting's Premier Historian," JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA (compiler/editor of this festschrift with seven contributors); 49:354-361 (September 2005).

"Privatizing Russian Radio: A Post-Peristroika Perspective," (with Michael C. Keith and Anna Yudin), THE RADIO JOURNAL, 2:67-76 (2004), peer reviewed.

“HDTV As Policy Failure,” JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA 47:146-148 (March 2003), peer reviewed.

“U.S. Communications Industry Ownership and the 1996 Telecommunications Act: Watershed or Unintended Consequences?” in Howard Tumber, ed. MEDIA POWER, PROFESSIONALS, AND POLICIES: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JEREMY TUNSTALL. London: Routledge, 2000, pp. 56-69.

“Biggest . . . for Now—Considering the AOL/Time Warner Merger,” INFORMATION IMPACTS (May 2000): www.cisp.org/imp/may_2000/O5_00sterling.htm

“The 1996 Telecommunications Act: Redefining Universal Service in the U.S.,” in TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SPACE JOURNAL, VOL. 5, edited by Lucien Rapp. Paris: SERDI, 1998; pp. 23-34.

“Radio and the Telecommunications Act of 1996: An Initial Assessment,” JOURNAL OF RADIO STUDIES, 4:1-6 (1996).

“Changing American Telecommunications Law: Assessing the 1996 Amendments,” in TELECOMMUNICATIONS & SPACE JOURNAL, VOL 3, edited by Lucien Rapp. Paris: SERDI/ Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996; pp. 141-165.

“The Golden Age of Programming,” (with John M. Kittross) in COMMUNICATION IN HISTORY: TECHNOLOGY, CULTURE, SOCIETY, edited by David Crowley and Paul Heyer. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2007 (5th ed.), pp. 217-223 (reprinted from our STAY TUNED text, this has appeared in each edition of this anthology since the early 1990s).

“Communications Policy," Chapter 19 in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF POLICY STUDIES, edited by Stuart Nagel. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994 (2nd ed.), pp. 453-482.

“An Appreciation of Erik Barnouw’s A History of Broadcasting in the United States,” in FILM & HISTORY, XXI: 2/3: 45-50 (May/September 1991), (peer reviewed.)

“Telecommunications: An American Industry Under International Pressure,” edited four articles, TELEMATICS & INFORMATICS, 6:2: 65-86 (1989) and 7:1:43-52 (1990), peer reviewed.

“Billions in Licenses, Millions in Fees: Comparative Renewals and the RKO Mess,”GANNETT CENTER JOURNAL, 2:1: 43-53 (Winter 1988).

AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. Washington: Office of Management and Budget, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, January 1985. 55 pp. Co-authored (with K. Glakas) this annotated bibliography of laws, policies, regulations and associated documents under contract for the National Science Foundation.

DISSEMINATION OF GOVERNMENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION: SELECTED ISSUES AND OPTIONS. Washington: National Science Foundation, 3l July 1984, 65 pp.

POLICY ISSUES IN THE CANADIAN-AMERICAN INFORMATION SECTOR. Montreal: Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries, McGill University, 1984, 170 pp. Co-editor with R. Schultz of this conference transcript volume.

“The Development of Cable Television in the United States,” TRIMEDIA (Paris: Spring 1983; reprinted in THE MEDIA REPORTER (London: Spring 1983 6:5:36-39); and in Esteban Lopez-Escobar and Claude-Jean Bertrand, eds. LA TELEVISION POR CABLE EN AMERICA Y EUROPA (Madrid, 1987), pp. 27-30.

“The FCC and Changing Technological Standards,” JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, 32:4:137-147 (Fall 1982), peer reviewed.

“Media Cross-Ownership and Cable TV in the USA,” MEDIA INFORMATION AUSTRALIA, 19:20-24 (February 1981).

“La pression du profit: structures economiques des media americains,”TRIMEDIA , Paris: Autumn/Winter 1979, pp.12-17.

“Trends in Daily Newspaper and Broadcast Ownership:1922-70,” JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 52:247-256 (Summer 1975), peer reviewed.

“Decade of Development: FM Radio in the 1960s,” JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 48:222-230 (Summer 1971), peer reviwed.

“Second Service: Some Keys to the Development of FM Broadcasting,”JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING, 15:181-194 (Spring 1971), peer reviewed.

“Newspaper Ownership of Broadcast Stations:1920-1968,” JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 46:227-236, 254 (Summer 1969), peer reviewed.

“WTMJ-FM: A Case Study in the Development of FM Broadcasting,” JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING, 12:341-352 (Fall 1968), peer reviewed.

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(Excluding thousands of individual published book reviews since 1968)

A. Articles, Reports and Chapters:

“The Rise of Radio Studies: Scholarly Books over Four Decades,” JOURNAL OF RADIO AND AUDIO MEDIA, 16:229-250 (November 2009). A 10,000-word assessment of the growing sophistication over 40 years of the book-length research literature about radio broadcasting.

"Assessing the Record: A Century of Historical Research," chapter 15 in Donald Godfrey, ed. METHODS OF HISTORICAL ANALYSIS IN ELECTRONIC MEDIA (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006), pp. 349-374.

"Where Have All the Historians Gone?" (with Michael C. Keith). JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA, 50:345-357 (June 2006).

EARLY TELEVISION: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO 1940 (compiled by George and May Shiers). New York: Garland Publishing, 1997, 616 pp. (Served as project manager in the 13-year effort to get this reference work funded, edited, indexed, and to publication after the deaths of its compilers.)

“Understanding the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Essay Review,” FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL, 49:509-515 (February 1997).

“Seeking Influence: The Dozen Most Important Electronic Media Books Since 1956,” JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA, 40:597-600 (Fall 1996).

“American Books on Telecommunications Policy: 1990-93,” in TELECOMMUNICATIONS & SPACE JOURNAL, VOL. 1, edited by Lucian Rapp. Paris: SERDI/Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994, pp. 339-356.

“American Electronic Media: A Survey Bibliography,” AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL, 29:2:28-54 (October 1991).

“Assessing the Literature on Divestiture and its Aftermath,” FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL, 40:295-303 (April 1988).

“Books on Broadcasting and Electronic Media,” and “Journals on Broadcasting and Electronic Media,” BROADCASTING & CABLE YEARBOOK, 1978-1998, annual.

TELEVISION AND DRUGS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE SCOPE AND IMPACT OF PROGRAM CONTENT AND ADVERTISING OF DRUGS ON BROADCAST TV, 1973-1987. (For National Association of Broadcasters, September 1987).

A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE SCOPE, CONTENT, AND IMPACT OF TELEVISION AND RADIO ADVERTISING OF WINE AND BEER PRODUCTS, 1975-1984. (For National Association of Broadcasters, March 1984).

ECONOMIC ANALYSES OF THE COMMERCIAL RADIO BUSINESS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF THE 1970s. (For National Association of Broadcasters, January 1980).

“Doctoral Programs in Broadcasting/Mass Communication,” in EDUCATIONAL MEDIA YEARBOOK, edited by James W. Brown. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978 to 1982, annual.

ASPEN HANDBOOK ON THE MEDIA:1977-79 EDITION–A SELECTIVE GUIDE TO RESEARCH, ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS IN COMMUNICATIONS, edited by William Rivers, et al. New York: Praeger, 1977 (3rd ed.). Contributed following portions: pp.60-63, l74, 187-197, 278-280, 353-370, and 356-396.

“A Selective Guide to Sources on Public Broadcasting,” in THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING, edited by Michael Nyhan. New York: Praeger, 1976, pp. 333-352.

THE MEDIA SOURCEBOOK: COMPARATIVE REVIEWS AND LISTINGS OF TEXTBOOKS IN MASS COMMUNICATIONS. Washington: National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 1974. 53 pp. (Annual updates continued in issues of PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVIEW appeared through 1980.)

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B. Bibliographic Essay Reviews for "Communication Booknotes Quarterly," 1999-Present:

"Crisis in Journalism," 42:1, 42:1 (2011), in press

"Going Mobile: Rise and Impasct of the Cell Phone," 41:3, 41:4 (2010), in press.

“Innovating Digital Television,” 41:51-63 (April-June 2010).

“Educational Television Before 1970,” 41:151-161 (January-March 2010).

“Development of Educational/Public Radio,” 40:151-161 (October-December 2009).

“Developing American Media Audience Research,” 40:103-122 (July-September 2009).

“Presidents and Journalists,” 40:51-63 (April-June 2009).

“Reporting on Wars and the Military,” 40:63-68. (April-June 2009) and 40:12-27 (January-March 2009).

"British Broadcasting Corporation History," 39:81-98 and 39:145-160 (Apr-June 2008 and Jul-Sep 2008).

"Global Telcommunications Company History," 39:7-21 (Jan-Mar 2008).

"Global Histories of Communication," 38:5-21 (Fall 2007).

"Who's on First? Pioneering Books on Telegraph, Telephone, Wireless and Broadcasting," 38:154-177 (Summer 2007).

"Biographies of Early Wireless/Radio Inventors," 37:223-233 (Fall 2006).

"Journalism: Encyclopedias and Reference Books Since 1985," 37:150-169 (Summer 2006).

"Wireless Pioneer: Biographies of Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)," 37:14-21 (Winter 2006).

"Radio References III: Industry, Technology, Minorities, Policy," (with Michael C. Keith), 36:211-236 (Fall 2005).

"Radio References II: People and Programs," (with Michael C. Keith), 36:143-171 (Summer 2005).

"History of the Telephone (Part 1): Invention, Innovation, and Impact," and "History of the Telephone (Part 2): Companies, People, and Policy," 35: 222-241 (Fall 2004); and 36:26-43 (Winter 2005)

"Histories of International Radio Propaganda," and "International Radio Propaganda in World War II," two review essays combined, in 35: 151-175 (Summer 2004).

"History of Telegraphy," 35: 79-92 (Winter 2004).

“History of Computer Programming/Software: From ALGOL to Windows XP,” (with David Alan Grier), 34:151-167 (Summer 2003). This is also available on the IEEE Computer Society website.

“Histories of Computers: From Aiken to Zuse,” 33:221-242 (Fall 2002). This is also available on the IEEE Computer Society website.

“ Development of Television to 1960: A Guide to Current Resources,” 32:221-238 (Fall 2000).

“U.S. Telecommunications Policy Since the 1996 Act,” 32:78-94 (Spring 2000).

“Cryptography in 20th Century History,” 30:151-166 (Summer 1999); 30: 224-227 (Fall 1999); and 33:101-105 (Spring 2002).

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Entries (3) in AMERICAN CENTURIES: THE IDEAS, ISSUES AND TRENDS THAT MAKE AMERICAN HISTORY. Detroit: Facts on File, 2010. For the 19th century volume, I wrote on Transportation (2800 words), Communication (3400), and Media and the Press (2800).

Entries (3) in COMPTON'S ENCYCLOPEDIA. Chicago: Britannica, 2010. Contributed entries on Radio (21 published pages), Telecommunication (3 pp.), and Telephone (still in press).

Entries (about 45) in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JOURNALISM, edited by C. H. Sterling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2009 (6 vols). Ranging from 1000 to 4000 words, these include ABC News, Antitrust, Cable News Networks, Cables (Undersea), Commentators (Radio), Equal Time, Facsimile, Havas, International News Service, Labor Unions, Television News Magazines, Mutual Broadcasting System, Network Interview programs, New China News Agency, Organizations (multiple entries on different types), Photo Agencies, Reuters, Satellite Newsgathering, Shortwave radio, Simulcasting, Sound bites, TASS and Russian News Agencies, Teletype, Videotex and Teletext, Newsweeklies, Wolff.

Entries (about 150) in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS: FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE 21st CENTURY, edited by C. H. Sterling. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007. Ranging from 500 to 2,000 words, these cover all aspects of tactical and strategic military communications from the days of smoke and couriers to modern digital systems. Examples of entries I wrote include Aircraft; Armstrong, Edwin Howard; AT&T; Bletchley Park; Britain, Battle of; Coastwatchers; Combat Information Center; Couriers; Defense Communication Agency; Egypt; Electronic Countermasures/Warfare; Enigma; Facsimile; Fiber Optics; Friedman, William F.; Global Information Grid; India; Jamming; Maginot Line; Microwave; Mobile Communiations; Modulation; Napoleonic Wars; Naval Radio Stations; Night Signals; OP-20-G; Radio; Radio Silence; Royal Air Force; Silicon Valley; Spectrum Management; Spies; Telephone; Underground Communication Centers; Undersea Cabls; VoIP; Walkie-Talkie; Warsaw Pact; World War II; Yardley, Herbert O.

Entries (5) in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF 20TH-CENTURY TECHNOLOGY edited by Colin A. Hempstead and William E. Worthington, Jr. New York: Routledge, 2005. These included Radio---AM, FM, Analog, Digital; Radio--Early Transmissions; Radio Receivers-- Early; Telephony--Automatic Systems; and Television--Digital and High-Definition Systems.
“Radio History,” in ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 2005. This substantial (roughly 15,000 words) essay ranging from 19th century wireless to 21st century electronic media was invited by the publication's editors. It will appear in both the print and on-line versions.

Entries (2) in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BUSINESS HISTORY edited by Charles Geisst. New York: Facts on File, 2004, in press. On U.S. Telecommunications Industry (3,200 words) and RCA (900 words).

Entries (70) in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO, edited by C.H. Sterling. New York: Fitzroy-Dearborn/Routledge, 2004, 3 vols. My own entries (which range from 1,000 to 4,500 words each) included those on AM radio, American Federation of Musicians, Antenna, Awards and prizes, Beulah, Can You Top This?, Classical music format, Clear Channel Communications, Clear channel stations, Commentators, Controversial issues, Deregulation of radio, DJs, Orrin E. Dunlap Jr., Editorializing, Education about radio, “Equal Time” Rule, John Henry Faulk, FCC Blue Book, Reginald Fessenden, FM Radio, FM Trade Associations, Pauline Frederick, Group W. Radio, “Hear it Now,” George Washington Hill, History of radio, John V. L. Hogan, I Love a Mystery, A. Atwater Kent, Paul Keston, Ed Klauber, Kay Kyser, Paul Lazarsfeld, Mary Margaret McBride, Don McNeill, National Radio Systems Committee , News agencies and radio, A.C. Nielsen, North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, Pay radio, Radio audience, Radio City (NY), Radio Hall of Fame, Radio in kid novels, Radio's trade press, Romance of Helen Trent, Eric Sevareid, William L. Shirer, Charles A. Siepmann, Rick Sklar, Station rep. firms, Supreme Court and radio, Sustaining programs, Technical organizations, Telecommunications Act of 1996, Lowell Thomas, Tokyo Rose, Less Tremayne, Walkman, Walter Winchell, “War of the Worlds,” WQXR.

Essay Entries (5) in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INTERNATIONAL MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS, edited by Donald H. Johnston. San Diego: Academic Press, 2003, 4 vols. Totaling about 50,000 words (and 55 published pages), these cover: Radio broadcasting to 1945, radio broadcasting after 1945, the telegraph industry, news agencies, and television, 1945-75.

Entries (3) in THE OXFORD COMPANION TO UNITED STATES HISTORY. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Entries on: William Paley, Radio broadcasting, and David Sarnoff.

Entries (5) in AMERICAN NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, multi-volume. Entries on: Elmer Engstron, Harald Friis, Grace Hopper, A. Atwater Kent, and Edwin Land.

Entries (3) in HISTORY OF MASS MEDIA IN THE UNITED STATES: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA, edited by Margaret A. Blanchard. Chicago: Fitzroy-Dearborn, 1998. Entries on: Radio networks, the Bell System, and Westinghouse.

Entries (12) in HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN RADIO, edited by Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Entries on: Merlin Hall Aylesworth, Edouard Branly, Boake R. Carter, Alfred N. Goldsmith, Charles David Herrold, Heinrich Hertz, High Fidelity Era, John V.L. Hogan, Stanley C. Hooper, Alexander S. Popoff, Valdemar Poulsen, and A.A. Schechter.

Entries (4) and served on editorial board for THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TELEVISION, edited by Horace Newcomb. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. Entries on: John Logie Baird, The Communications Act of 1934, Deregulation, J.C.W. Reith, and William S. Paley. (This appeared in a revised edition in 2004.)

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"Changing Media Ownership," in Ronald E. Rice, ed. MEDIA OWNERSHIP: RESEARCH AND REGULATION. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2008, pp. xi-xv.

“Remembering the Excitement,” in COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES: GLOBAL CHANGE AGENTS edited by Joseph N. Pelton and Robert J. Oslund. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004, pp. ix-xii.

“Discovering Broadcasting’s Birthplace,” in CHARLES HERROLD: THE FIRST BROADCASTER by Gordon L. Greb and Michael C. Adams. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003, pp. 1-3.

“Watching Television Grow,” in THE HISTORY OF TELEVISION, 1942 to 2000 (Vol. II), by Albert Abramson. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003, pp. ix-x.

“Rescuing a Television Pioneer,” in INVENTION AND INNOVATION: TELEVISION’S PHILO T. FARNSWORTH by Donald G. Godfrey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2001, pp. xi-xii.

“Considering Who Owns the Media,” in WHO OWNS THE MEDIA: COMPETITION AND CONCENTRATION IN THE MASS COMMUNICATION INDUSTRY by Benjamin M. Compaine and Douglas Gomery. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000, pp. xv-xviii.

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